RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To explore the mental health effects of the urban neighborhood on men and women in Jamaica and the implications for urban planning and social development. METHODS: A cross-sectional household sample of 2 848 individuals 15-74 years of age obtained from the Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey 2007-2008 was analyzed. Secondary analysis was undertaken by developing composite scores to describe observer recorded neighborhood features, including infrastructure, amenities/services, physical conditions, community socioeconomic status, and green spaces around the home. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Bivariate and multivariate methods were used to explore the associations among gender, neighborhood factors, and risk of depressive symptoms. RESULTS: While no associations were found among rural residents, urban neighborhoods were associated with increased risk of depressive symptoms. Among males, residing in a neighborhood with poor infrastructure increased risk; among females, residing in an informal community/unplanned neighborhood increased risk. CONCLUSIONS: The urban neighborhood contributes to the risk of depression symptomatology in Jamaica, with different environmental stressors affecting men and women. Urban and social planners need to consider the physical environment when developing health interventions in urban settings, particularly in marginalized communities.
OBJETIVO: Explorar los efectos del vecindario urbano sobre la salud mental de los hombres y las mujeres de Jamaica, y sus implicaciones en materia de planificación urbana y desarrollo social. MÉTODOS: Se analizó una muestra transversal de hogares que incluyó a 2 848 personas de 15 a 74 años de edad y que se obtuvo de la Encuesta sobre Salud y Estilo de Vida en Jamaica, realizada los años 2007 y 2008. Se llevó a cabo un análisis secundario mediante la elaboración de puntuaciones compuestas para describir las características del vecindario registradas por el observador, incluidos las infraestructuras, los equipamientos y los servicios, las condiciones físicas, la situación socioeconómica de la comunidad y las zonas verdes próximas al hogar. Se evaluaron los síntomas depresivos mediante el Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales (DSM-IV). Se utilizaron métodos bifactoriales y multifactoriales para explorar las asociaciones entre el sexo, los factores del vecindario y el riesgo de padecer síntomas depresivos. RESULTADOS: Mientras que no se observaron asociaciones en los residentes de zonas rurales, los vecindarios urbanos se asociaron con un mayor riesgo de padecer síntomas depresivos. En hombres, la residencia en un vecindario con infraestructuras deficitarias aumentó el riesgo; en mujeres, la residencia en una comunidad informal o un vecindario no planificado aumentó el riesgo. CONCLUSIONES: El vecindario urbano contribuye a aumentar el riesgo de sintomatología depresiva en Jamaica. Los estresantes ambientales que afectan a los hombres y las mujeres son distintos. Es necesario que los planificadores urbanos y sociales tengan en cuenta el entorno físico cuando elaboren las intervenciones de salud en entornos urbanos, en particular en las comunidades marginadas.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Depressão/epidemiologia , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Homens/psicologia , Características de Residência , Fatores Socioeconômicos , População Urbana , Mulheres/psicologia , Planejamento de Cidades , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/etiologia , Meio Ambiente , Habitação , Relações Interpessoais , Jamaica/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Apoio Social , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Avaliação de Sintomas , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To explore the mental health effects of the urban neighborhood on men and women in Jamaica and the implications for urban planning and social development. METHODS: A cross-sectional household sample of 2 848 individuals 15-74 years of age obtained from the Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey 2007-2008 was analyzed. Secondary analysis was undertaken by developing composite scores to describe observer recorded neighborhood features, including infrastructure, amenities/services, physical conditions, community socioeconomic status, and green spaces around the home. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Bivariate and multivariate methods were used to explore the associations among gender, neighborhood factors, and risk of depressive symptoms. RESULTS: While no associations were found among rural residents, urban neighborhoods were associated with increased risk of depressive symptoms. Among males, residing in a neighborhood with poor infrastructure increased risk; among females, residing in an informal community/unplanned neighborhood increased risk. CONCLUSIONS: The urban neighborhood contributes to the risk of depression symptomatology in Jamaica, with different environmental stressors affecting men and women. Urban and social planners need to consider the physical environment when developing health interventions in urban settings, particularly in marginalized communities.
